| |
Reference
Values |
Predictive
Values |
| 6 Minute
Walk |
Lusardi,
Brown, Steffen |
<
300 m : poor short-term and long-term survival rates |
| Activities-specific
Balance Confidence Scale -- ABC |
|
> 80% = high level of physical functioning
50-80% = moderate level of physical functioning
< 50% = low level of physical functioning
-- Myers AM (1998)
< 67% = older adults at risk for falling; predictive of
future fall
-- LaJoie Y (2004) |
Berg
Balance Scale
- - BBS |
Lusardi |
41-56 = low fall risk
21-40 = medium fall risk
0 -20 = high fall risk
< 45/56 used
as fall predictor
(Sensitivity 64%, Specificity 90%) -- Newton
(1997)
Minimal Detectable Change (MDC): 6.5
Romero (2011) |
Dynamic
Gait Index
-- DGI |
|
< 19/24
is predictive of falls in the elderly.
(Sensitivity 59%, Specificity 64%) -- Shumway
Cook (1997)
> 22/24 = safe
ambulators
Minimal Detectable Change (MDC): 2.9
Romero (2011) |
FICSIT-4
static balance |
|
|
Four
Square Step Test
-- 4SST |
|
sensitivity
of 85%
specificity of 88% to 100%
positive predictive value of 86% |
| Fukuda |
Positive
Fukuda sign:
Move > 50 cm
Turn > 30 degrees |
|
| Functional
Reach |
|
6-7
inches: limited functional balance
>10 inches: normal |
Gait Speed
(velocity
over 20 feet) |
Bohannon, Lusardi |
<1.8 ft./sec
= risk for recurrent falls
(sensitivity 72%, specificity 74%)
-- Van Swearingon JM 1998
<1.9 ft./sec
= would benefit from PT eval and possible treatment
(sensitivity 80%, specificity 89%)
-- Harada N 1995
|
Gait
Abnormality Rating Scale
--GARS |
|
>
18/48: increased fall risk |
| Geriatric
Depresion Scale |
|
Normal:
0-9
Mild depression: 10-19
Severe depression: 20-30 |
| Grip
Strength |
Bohannon |
|
Mini
Mental State Exam
-- MMSE |
|
Normal: 25-30
Mild cognitive impairment: 21-24
Mod: 16-20
Severe <16
Depression >19. |
| Motion
Sensitivity Score - MSQ |
|
0-10%
= mild motion sensitivity
11-30% = moderate
31-100% = severe
-- Abbott |
| Physical
Performance Test --PPT- 9 item |
|
32/36-36/36 = not frail
25/36-32/36 = mild frailty
17/36-24/36 = moderate frailty
< 17/36 = unlikely to be able to function in the community
Tends to not have
a ceiling or floor effect. |
Physical
Performance Test
-- PPT- 7 item |
Lusardi |
cut off score of
15/32 is fall predictor
15/32 predictive
of living situation and mortality (sensitivity 79%,
specificity 71%) -- VanSwearingen (1998)
Tends to not have
a ceiling or floor effect. |
Performance Oriented
Mobility Assessment
--POMA
by Tinetti
Balance
Score = 16
Gait Score = 12
Total Test Score = 28 |
|
25-28 = low fall
risk
19-24 = medium fall risk
< 19 = high fall risk
Be aware that there are multiple versions
of this test, so items and the number of points may differ. |
Timed
Up and Go
-- TUG |
Lusardi
Bohannon |
>13.5
sec is predictive of falls (sensitivity 80%, specificity
100%)
-- Shumway Cook (2000)
>30 sec.
corresponds with functional dependence in persons with
pathology
Other versions
combine the TUG with a concurrent manual or cognitive task. |
