|
Hematology profile values for children
Dayton
Children's Hospital. Hematology Tables. Retrieved
3-17-2016.
http://www.childrensdayton.org/cms/sitelet/5469849d44eaf7e3/index.html
Lab test numbers
and indications
References:
Advanced Rehabilitative strategies for the evaluation and treatment of
the medically complex geriatric patient. Carole Lewis, Seminar, Summer
1998. *Goodman CC, Snyder TEK. Laboratory Tests and Values in: Goodman
CC, Boissonnault, WG, Fuller KS, eds.. Pathology: Implications for the
Physical Therapist, 2nd ed. 2003:1174-1197.
Retrieved
Jan. 16, 2007 from American Physical Therapy Association, Section on
Geriatrics, Listserv.
http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/geriatricspt/files/
|
Blood sample
|
Normal
|
Clinical Significance
|
| Arterial Blood Gases (ABG) |
PaO2 = 80-100 mm
Hg
PaCO2 = 35-45 mm Hg
pH = 7.35-7.45
HCO3 = 22-26 mEq/l
SaO2 = 95-99% |
Panic
Values for ABGs
PaO2: < 40
PaCO2: < 20 or > 70
pH: < 7.2 or > 7.6
HCO3: < 10 or > 40
SaO2: < 60%
|
Degrees
of Hypoxemia:
mild: PaO2 of 60-80 mm
mod: PaO2 of 40-60 mm
severe: PaO2 < 40 mm |
Hematocrit
(Hct) |
Female: 36-46%
Male: 42-52%
|
Low
values = Anemia: monitor for fatigue, dyspnea, tachycardia, tachypnea
RBC
/ Whole Blood = ___ %
|
Hemoglobin
(Hgb) |
Female: 12-15 g/dl
Male: 14-17 g/dl |
Low
values = Anemia: monitor for fatigue, dyspnea, tachycardia, tachypnea
Chemotherapy:
< 10 -- hold aerobic
exercise
|
| RBC Count |
Female: 4 -5.5 million/mm3
Male: 4.5 - 6.0 million/mm3 |
Low
values = Anemia: monitor for fatigue, dyspnea, tachycardia, tachypnea
High
values: In COPD, may indicate Polycythemia, a compensation for
pulmonary dysfunction that makes blood thicker, and increases risk of
CVA, etc.
|
| Total WBC Count |
5,000 -
10,000 /mm3 |
> 10,000 indicates systemic infection (more
than just local colonization)
Chemotherapy
:
< 5,000: careful
hygiene, may be appropriate to see patient in hospital room.
|
Platelets,
Thrombocytes |
200,000
- 500,000 /mm3 |
Chemotherapy:
- 30,000 – 50,000: avoid resisted exercise, risk
of internal hemorrhage, ambulation OK
- < 30,000: bedside, gentle AROM
- < 20,000: consult with physician or nurse
before activity
|
"Sed
Rate",
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) |
Female:
1-25 mm/hr
Male: 0-17 mm/hr |
Bad if
elevated.
Used to diagnose, or follow the course of inflammatory diseases, e.g.
rheumatic conditions
Alternative
calculation of normal value:
Female: (age + 10) / 2
Male: age / 2
|
| |
|
|
| Creatinine |
Female:
0.6 - 1.2 mg/dl
Male: 0.5 - 1.1 mg/dl
Elderly values are lower because of reduced muscle mass |
Renal
function measure: high values are bad.
May indicate nephropathy, end stage renal d.
Can occur in brittle diabetics also. |
| Potassium (K) |
3.5 -
5.0 mEq/l
|
Low
(hypokalemia) secondary to: vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, or use of
loop diuretics e.g. Lasix, furosemide. Also increases the risk of
digitalis toxicity.
Result of low K: ventricular arrhythmias
High
(hyperkalemia) secondary to: overuse of K supplements, renal or
endocrine problem.
Result of high K: ventricular arrhythmias,
asystole
|
| Calcium (Ca) |
8.2 -10.2 mg/dl |
Low
(hypocalcemia): secondary to: abuse of laxatives, renal failure,
low dietary calcium or Vit. D intake, excessive magnesium intake.
Result of low Ca: osteoporosis, muscle spasms
/ tetany, calcium deposits in tissue; cardiac arrhythmia, asystole
High
(hypercalcemia): secondary to: immobilization, metastatic bone CA;
overuse of antacids containing calcium
Result of high Ca:
thirst; polyuria; renal stones; decreased muscle tone and DTRs;
tachycardia; cardiac arrhythmia, asystole
|
| Sodium (Na) |
136 -145 mEq/l |
Low
(hyponatremia) secondary to: fluid loss from diarrhea, vomiting,
diaphoresis, diuretic use.
Result of low Na: postural hypotension,
abdominal cramps, headache, fatigue, weakness
High
(hypernatremia) secondary to: dehydration, high salt intake, poor
renal function
Result of high Na: edema, tachycardia
|
Diabetes
| Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) |
|
Glucose Level
|
Indication
|
| 70 to
99 mg/dL |
Normal
fasting glucose |
| 100 to
125 mg/dL |
Impaired
fasting glucose (pre-diabetes)
Contributes to the diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome |
| >126
mg/dL |
Diabetes
|
Oral Glucose Tolerance
Test (OGTT)
(Sample drawn 2 hours after a 75-gram glucose drink) |
|
Glucose Level
|
Indication
|
| <
140 mg/dL |
Normal
glucose tolerance |
| 140 to
200 mg/dL |
Impaired
glucose tolerance (pre-diabetes)
Contributes to the diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome |
| >
200 mg/dL |
Diabetes
|
Conversion
tool for Blood
Glucose to HBA1c
Chart
with comparative
values for HBA1c & Blood Glucose
| Glycosylated Hemoglobin HBA1c,
or A1c |
4 - 6%
is normal |
Lab work done at the doctor's
office, that gives an average of the last 3 month's blood glucose.
The goal for diabetic patients it to keep the
value < 7% |
Pulmonary Function
Test (PFT) results: COPD & RLD
| |
FVC
(Normal/Predicted is 80-120%)
|
FEV1
(Normal/Predicted is 80-120%)
|
FEV1 / FVC
(Normal/Predicted
ratio is 80%)
|
| COPD |
Decreased.
Mild: 65-80% of predicted
Mod: 50-65% of predicted
Severe: < 50% of predicted |
Decreased.
Mild: > 80% of predicted
Mod: 50-80% of predicted
Severe: 30-50% of predicted
Very Severe: < 30% of predicted
|
Decreased.
Mild: < 70%
Mod: < 70%
Severe: < 70%
Very Severe: < 70% |
| RLD |
Decreased.
Mild: 65-80% of predicted
Mod: 50-65% of predicted
Severe: < 50% of predicted |
Decreased.
Mild: 65-80% of predicted
Mod: 50-65% of predicted
Severe: < 50% of predicted |
Normal, or increased.
80-100%
|
BP - lifespan values
Vital signs - pediatric values
| Adult Values |
SBP |
DBP |
| Normal |
< 120 |
< 80 |
| Elevated |
120-129 |
< 80 |
| HTN - Stage 1 |
130-139 |
80-89 |
| HTN - Stage 2 |
> 140 |
> 90 |
Whelton,
P. K., Carey, R. M., Aronow, W. S., Casey, D. E., Collins, K. J.,
Dennison Himmelfarb, C., … Wright, J. T. (2017). 2017
ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the
Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood
Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of
Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Pr.
Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979).
Ejection Fraction (EF), defines degrees of heart failure:
- > 55%
normal
- 40-55%
mild LV dysfunction
- 30-40%
moderate LV dysfunction
- < 30%
severe LV dysfunction
Ottawa Cardiovascular Centre. (2004).
Congestive Heart Failure Survival Kit. Continuing Medical
Implementation Inc. Retrieved 7-2-2011.
http://www.cvtoolbox.com/downloads/CHF_SurvivalKit.pdf
CHF is quantified by an echocardiogram (US)
reading of elevated EDV (End Diastolic Volume and decreased
SV (Stroke Volume)
Rheumatic diseases and tests with which they may be strongly
associated:
Bartlett, S. (2006). Clinical Care in the
Rheumatic Diseases. (3rd ed.). Association of Rheumatology Health
Professionals. American College of Rheumatology. Atlanta : ARHP
| Rheumatoid factor (RF) |
RA -70%, Sjogrens -90%
(p.44-5) |
| Antinuclear Antibodies: ANA
(Fluorescent ANA = FANA) |
SLE - 99% (p.45) |
| HLA B27: Human Leukocyte Antigens |
AS - 90%, Reiters - 80%
(p.178) |
| ESR Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
& CRP (C-reactive protein) |
RA
and Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Most
useful as serial measurements to track the course of the disease,
especially when in active inflammation (p.48)
|
| Uric Acid Crystals (synovial
aspiration) |
Gout or pseudogout (p.44)
|
| WBC levels |
- Most indicative of Gout (synovial aspiration)
- Normal in RA, but can be elevated during inflammatory phase
(p.47-48).
- Leukopenia and other hematologic disorders can occur in SLE
(p.188)
|
BMI table
| Underweight |
< 18.5 |
| Normal weight |
18.5 - 24.9 |
| Overweight |
25 - 29.9 |
| Obesity |
> 30 |
| Morbid Obesity |
> 40 |
VO2 Max / 3.5
= METs
Ankle Brachial Index (ABI):
Clinical application: decisions about use of compression, and use of
sharp debridement. Prognostic for wound healing.
Ankle SBP / Brachial SBP
Must have a doppler US to hear SBP at the dorsalis pedis artery. Cuff
goes around calf).
For normal persons, leg SBP is higher than brachial SBP.
| 0.9 - 1.2 |
Normal |
| 0.7 - 0.9 |
Mild arterial disease
(intermittent claudication pain) |
| 0.5 - 0.7 |
Moderate arterial disease
(claudication pain at rest) |
| < 0.5 |
Severe arterial disease (risk of
gangrene) |
Falsely high
values that are > 1.2 may indicate arteriosclerosis
(diabetes), because the vessels are calcified and non-compressible by
the BP cuff. Referral for other testing would be appropriate.
Diagnostic
Imaging Library: Radiopaedia
|
University of Missouri
School of Health Professions
Department of Physical Therapy
Last updated
May 5, 2020
Contact webmaster
|
|
